5 Most Common Causes of Knee Pain

5 Most Common Causes of Knee Pain

Experiencing knee pain without a known traumatic injury can be puzzling and concerning. However, understanding the common diagnoses associated with non-traumatic knee pain can provide valuable insights into potential causes and guide appropriate treatment. In this blog article, we will delve into the most prevalent diagnoses related to knee pain that develop without a specific injury. By examining relevant research articles and references, we aim to shed light on the subject and empower individuals to seek appropriate care.

#1. Osteoarthritis (OA) - "Arthritis"
Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, frequently affects the knee joint. It is characterized by the gradual breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. A study by Lawrence et al. (2008) found that knee osteoarthritis affected approximately 14 million individuals in the United States alone. Age, genetics, obesity, and repetitive stress on the knee joint are among the contributing factors to the development of OA.

#2. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome refers to pain around the patella (kneecap) and the surrounding structures. It often occurs due to abnormal patellar tracking, muscle imbalances, or overuse. A study by Dye et al. (2005) highlighted that PFPS accounted for 25% of knee pain cases seen in orthopedic clinics. Contributing factors may include excessive running, poor biomechanics, muscle weakness, or tightness.

#3. IT Band Syndrome (ITBS) 
Iliotibial Band Syndrome involves inflammation and irritation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of tissue running along the outside of the thigh. This condition can cause knee pain, particularly on the outer side of the knee. A study by Fredericson et al. (2002) found that IT Band Syndrome accounted for approximately 22% of knee injuries in runners. Overuse, improper training techniques, and biomechanical abnormalities can contribute to the development of ITBS.

#4. Patellar Tendinitis
Patellar tendinitis, also known as jumper's knee, occurs when the patellar tendon becomes inflamed. This condition is commonly seen in athletes who participate in jumping or running activities. A study by Zwerver et al. (2011) highlighted that patellar tendinitis accounted for 9.5% of knee complaints among athletes. Overuse, repetitive stress, and inadequate rest and recovery contribute to the development of this condition.

#5. Bursitis
Knee bursitis involves inflammation of the bursae, fluid-filled sacs that cushion the knee joint. It can cause pain, swelling, and tenderness around the knee. A study by Lievense et al. (2006) indicated that bursitis accounted for 7% of knee pain cases in primary care. Prolonged kneeling, frequent kneeling or crawling, and direct trauma can lead to the development of knee bursitis.

Conclusion:
Non-traumatic knee pain can significantly impact one's quality of life, but understanding the common diagnoses associated with this condition is the first step towards finding relief. Osteoarthritis, patellofemoral pain syndrome, IT band syndrome, patellar tendinitis, and bursitis are among the most prevalent diagnoses for individuals experiencing knee pain without a known injury. Seeking a doctor of physical therapy for a comprehensive evaluation and treatment is crucial for managing symptoms effectively and restoring knee function. Remember, consulting with a specialist doctor of PT is essential for accurate diagnosis and personalized care.

References:
Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: Part II. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(1):26-35.

Dye SF, Vaupel GL, Dye CC. Conscious neurosensory mapping of the internal structures of the human knee without intraarticular anesthesia. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(6):773-777.

Fredericson M, Cookingham CL, Chaudhari AM, et al. Hip abductor weakness in distance runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10(3):169-175.

Zwerver J, Bredeweg SW, Hof AL, van den Akker-Scheek I. Prevalence of Jumper's knee among nonelite athletes from different sports: a cross-sectional survey. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(9):1984-1988.

Lievense AM, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Verhagen AP, et al. Influence of obesity on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41(10):1155-1162.